Ontario discrimination law is primarily governed by the Ontario Human Rights Code, which provides comprehensive protection against discrimination and harassment. This legislation is considered one of the most progressive human rights frameworks in Canada, offering safeguards in areas including employment, housing, services, contracts, and membership in unions or professional associations. The Code recognizes that all individuals deserve equal treatment and opportunities regardless of their personal characteristics. Understanding these protections is essential for both residents and organizations operating within the province, as it helps create a more inclusive and equitable society for everyone.
Protected Grounds Under the Code
The Ontario Human Rights Code protects individuals from discrimination based on seventeen specific grounds. These include race, ancestry, place of origin, color, ethnic origin, citizenship, creed, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, age, marital status, family status, disability, and record of offences. The Code also protects against discrimination based on receipt of public assistance in housing contexts. Each of these grounds is considered fundamental to a person and cannot be used as a basis for denying opportunities or treating someone unfairly. Organizations and employers must ensure their policies and practices do not create barriers or disadvantages for individuals based on any of these protected characteristics, whether intentionally or unintentionally.
Filing Complaints and Enforcement
When discrimination occurs, individuals can file an application with the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, an independent adjudicative body that resolves human rights claims. The tribunal process is designed to be accessible, and applicants can represent themselves or seek legal assistance. Applications must be filed within one year of the alleged discrimination, though extensions may be granted in certain circumstances. The tribunal has the authority to order various remedies including monetary compensation for injury to dignity and feelings, lost wages, policy changes, and educational programs. The Ontario Human Rights Commission also plays a role by providing public education, developing policies, and intervening in cases that raise significant systemic issues affecting broader communities.
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